Fairly common throughout Britain and Ireland, the Lumpy Bracket occurs also in most temperate regions of mainland Europe. The present study investigated the in vitro antiradical activities of extracts obtained from Trametes elegans from Osengere, Ibadan, Nigeria. (2013) in his finding observed a strong linear correlation between the TPC and scavenging of H2O2 while evaluating the antioxidant activity of the water and ethanol extract of dried citrus fruit peel (Citrus unshiu). ; Rossman, A.Y. Results from this study suggest that extracts of T. elegans could be promising candidates in the prevention of DNA damage. Nitric Oxide (NO) is classified as a free radical because of its unpaired electron and displays important reactivity with certain types of proteins and other free radicals. Coriolus versicolor, also known as Trametes versicolor and Polyporus versicolor, is a common polypore mushroom found throughout the world and also a well-known traditional medicinal mushroom growing on tree trunks. (2011) while carrying out a comparative study on the antioxidant activity of red onion and garlic. "Trametes elegans". Phenolic compounds possess the ability to scavenge free radicals to the presence of hydroxyl groups that can give up its hydrogen atom to the hydroxyl group and form a stable phenoxyl radicals (Ozgen et al., 2010). The extracts displayed appreciable radical scavenging activity to DPPH, NO and H2O2 radicals. Turkey Tail aka Trametes versicolor or Coriolus versicolor is an edible Medicinal Mushroom. The percentage of H2O2 scavenging of the mushroom extract was calculated as follows: Statistical analysis: All experiments were carried out in triplicates. Nice to see from a general interest point of view, and also good to see from a mineralisation angle, as this fungus is a very good decomposer of deadwood (hence the name ‘stumpgrinder’). Higher OH radical scavenging effect of the acetone extract of T. elegans might be related to its higher total phenolic contents. The activity of the positive control (BHT) was not concentration dependent and it produced higher scavenging effect than the extracts at all tested concentrations. Justo. The amount of hydroxyl radical scavenging ability was calculated using the equation: where, Abs reference is absorbance of the reference (reacting mixture without the test sample) and Abs sample is absorbance of reacting mixture with the test sample. As antioxidants donate protons to the nitrite radical, the absorbance is decreased. On the other hand, the acetone extract displayed better scavenging activity than the positive control at a concentration of 2 mg mL–1. Thereafter, the absorbance of the assay mixture was measured at 518 nm against each blank with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Gulfex Medical and Scientific England, Spectrum Lab 23A, model number 23A08215). But the pore surface is more irregular like elegans, and it is native to Indiana, whereas gibbosa is an import from Europe. This was done by amplifying and sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS 4 and ITS 5) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Each species is characterized in its global distribution and also in current or potential medicinal use. Since nature is the master chemist, exploration of natural sources for novel bioactive agents may provide leads or solutions for drug discovery and development (Debbab et al., 2012). One species: Trametes elegans (= Lenzites, = Artolenzites, = Daedalea palisotii). This was then followed by the addition of 0.4 mL of 0.6% thiobarbituric acid (TBA) solution. Aim: Considering the significance of candidiasis among pregnant women, the study was designed to investigate the anticandidal effect of extracts of Trametes elegans (Spreng: Fr.) 1).It contains polysaccharopeptide (PSP), proteins, amino acids, and other various bioactive substances. Mushrooms have been reported to be prolific producers of several bioactive metabolites and have been used for centuries as medicine to treat or prevent different diseases (Wasser, 2011; De Silva et al., 2012). The decrease in absorbance is used to measure the extent of nitrite radical scavenging (Turkoglu et al., 2007). Trametes lactinea is reported from the USA for the first time. Differences were considered significant at p = 0.05. 1820 Lenzites elegans Lenzites elegans (Spreng.) The mixture was incubated at 25°C for 150 min. The present paper summarizes morphological, taxonomical, and biodiversity information on the important medicinal mushroom genus Trametes on a global scale. However, the methanol extract had higher total flavonoid (2.27 mg RE g–1) compared to the acetone extract. The positive control (BHT) displayed activity that was higher (99.46%) and significantly different from that of the extracts. . Trametes elegans, can therefore be a useful source of natural antioxidant that can help combat the detrimental effect of nitric oxide generated in the body. Absorbance was read with a spectrophotometer (Gulfex Medical and Scientific England, Spectrum Lab 23A, model number 23A08215) at 510 nm against the reagent blank and the calibration curve was prepared by using rutin methanolic solutions at concentrations of 12.5-100 μg mL–1. Mushrooms belonging to the genus Trametes are polyporoid white rot fungi widely distributed in various biotopes and have been the subject of many physiological and biochemical studies (Koroleva et al., 2002). On one of the larger stems, I noticed a cluster of fungal brackets, which turned out to be what I strongly consider is ‘the stumpgrinder’ Trametes gibbosa (syn: Pseudotramates gibbosa). Fr. All aerobic life forms existing on earth are associated with oxidation processes, which are vital for their survival (Fang et al., 2002). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not a highly reactive oxygen species. Other caps of adjacent mushrooms are sometimes fused. The result from this study shows that the extracts of Trametes elegans were able to scavenge for DPPH (Fig. The toxicity of NO becomes adverse when it reacts with superoxide radical, forming a highly reactive peroxynitrite anion (ONOO‾) (Nagmoti et al., 2012). : Fr. ^Farr, D.F. This species is also found in parts of Asia. The removal of H2O2 in biological and food system is of outmost importance for antioxidant defence. [2][3] References[edit] ^ abLenzites elegansin MycoBank. About 0.2 mL of each of the extracts was mixed with 2.5 mL of 10% folin ciocalteau’s reagent and 2 mL of 7.5% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Several authors have also reported the DPPH radical scavenging activities of wild mushrooms (Reis et al., 2011; Vamanu and Nita, 2013). 1). It can't make up its mind what kind of pore surface it wants to have: one with normal-looking, angular to roundish pores, or one with pores that are "daedaloid" or nearly "lamellate," to use the official terms in Mycologese that mean "maze-like" and "gill-like," respectively. Butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as positive control. Determination of total flavonoid content: The total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined using a colorimeter assay developed by Bao et al. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/trametes_elegans.html. Justo (Carlson et al. The reaction mixture was incubated at 37°C for 30 min and the reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.5 mL of 2.8% trichloroacetic (TCA). In fact you are likely to find all three conditions represented on the same mushroom--which turns out to help, rather than hinder, the identification process. Several authors have reported the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of various mushrooms (Oyetayo, 2009; Khatua et al., 2015). Pore Surface Whitish, tingeing yellow with age. The presence of phenolics and flavonoids in wild mushrooms has been reported by many authors (Chowdhury et al., 2015; Pennerman et al., 2015). Collection of macrofungus: Fresh fruit bodies of macrofungus suspected to be Trametes species were collected from rotten cocoa woods from farms in Osengere, Egbeda Local government area of Ibadan, Oyo State (Latitude: 7.39814N, Longitude: 4.00051E) in the month of August 2013. Trametes elegans has been split back out into three species (Carlson et al. Briefly, freshly prepared extract (0-100 μL) was added to a reaction mixture containing 120 μL of 20 mM deoxyribose, 400 μL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 40 μL of 20 mM hydrogen peroxide and 40 μL of 500 μM FeSO4 and the volume was made to 800 μL with distilled water. This is a key to gilled mushrooms, that is, mushrooms having a definite cap with a fertile surface consisting of gills. Trametes elegans. (fam. Phenolic compounds present in mushrooms possess strong antioxidants properties, with a strong positive correlation between the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (Reis et al., 2011). Trametes species Trametes elegans Name Synonyms Artolenzites elegans Daedalea elegans Daedalea elegans Spreng. The extracts of Trametes elegans displayed moderate and concentration dependent nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability as shown in Fig. The extracts of T. elegans were capable of scavenging nitric oxide (Fig. An aliquot of 0.5 mL of the solution was added to 0.5 mL of Griess reagents (1.0 mL of sulfanilic acid reagent 0.33% prepared in 20% glacial acetic acid at room temperature for 5 min with 1 mL of naphthyethylenediamine chloride (0.1% w/v)). Pat. Gibbosa, being a bit hairy, often sports an algae surface, as is evident in the photo below. For example, oxygen radicals exert critical actions such as signal transduction, gene transcription and regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase activity in cells (Zheng and Storz, 2000). It has been found that phenolics, flavonoids and tocopherols reduce the DPPH radicals by their hydrogen donating ability (Zhao et al., 2006). This unusual plant-associated microorganism was screened as a pleasant flavor resource by cultivating it on different broths at pH=6.0, during 15 days. 2). Blank solutions were prepared with each test sample solution (2.0 mL) and 1.0 mL of methanol while the negative control was 1.0 mL of 0.3 mM DPPH solution plus 2.0 mL of methanol. Acetone extract of Trametes elegans produced an effect of 84.18% that was slightly higher than that of the positive control (BHT) at a concentration of 2 mg mL–1. x The genus Trametes is one of the naturally-occurring macrofungi, and the different species have been reported to inhabit the different areas of the Philippines based on the macrofungal listing. The name Trametes elegans has been widely applied in North America for several species, including T. gibbosa (a recent immigrant to America). It has been reported that the chemical nature of phytochemicals, extraction method, sample particle size, solvent used, as well as the presence of interfering substances affects extraction efficiency (Stalikas, 2007). Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; annual or occasionally perennial; causing a white rot of the sapwood; growing alone or gregariously on logs and stumps; spring through fall; widely distributed in eastern North America from the Great Lakes southward (although I have found something very similar to Trametes elegans in northern Michigan). Different concentrations of the extract (0.5-2 mg mL–1) in ethanol (1 mL) were added to 2 mL of hydrogen peroxide solution in PBS. The ability of the extracts to scavenge hydrogen peroxide may be attributed to the presence of phenolics, which can donate electron to H2O2, thus converting it to water. Figure 4 shows the scavenging effect of the extracts of Trametes elegans on hydrogen peroxide radicals. Kuo, M. (2005, March). LoganW. The amount of nitric oxide radical scavenging ability was calculated using the equation: where, Abs control is the absorbance of NO radical+methanol, Abs sample is the absorbance of NO radical+sample extract or standard. 1A, C) from July to September in 2017 (Olou et al. Scavenging effect of hydroxyl radical: The ability of the extract to prevent Fe2+/H2O2 induced decomposition of deoxyribose was carried out using the method of Halliwell and Gutteridge (1981). Data obtained was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared by New Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (SPSS version 16). I usually find these mushrooms on logs by a river or stream. (1999), with slight modification (Awah et al., 2010). Pore Surface: Whitish; variable, ranging from poroid with round to angular pores (1-2 per mm), to maze-like, with slots up to 2 mm wide, to gill-like (often with all three of these conditions present); tubes or gills up to 6 mm deep; not bruising or bruising yellowish in some collections. The reaction mixture was incubated at 45°C for 40 min and the absorbance was measured at 700 nm in a spectrophotometer (Gulfex Medical and Scientific England, Spectrum Lab 23A, model number 23A08215). DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity: The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts was determined by the method of Gyamfi et al. The book entitled The Fungal Pharmacy, by Robert Rogers, states "The related Trametes gibbosa has an inhibition rate of 49% against sarcoma 180 with hot-water and ethanol extracts. Test was carried out in triplicate. REFERENCES: (Sprengel, 1820) Fries, 1838. This is the only reference to the medicinal qualities of this species I can find. The mixture was shaken vigorously and allowed to stand at room temperature in the dark for 25 min. The flasks were covered with aluminium foil and allowed to stand for 3 days for extraction with occasional stirring. It is a common traditional medicinal polypore mushroom that … We and our partners process personal data such as IP Address, Unique ID, browsing data for: Use precise geolocation data | Actively scan device characteristics for identification.. When a solution of DPPH is mixed with that of a substance that can donate a hydrogen atom, it gives rise to the reduced form of the DPPH compound, leading to the reduction of the violet colour. medicinal plant Otoba gracilipes (tropical rainforest, Colombia), was identified by ITS sequence analysis as Trametes elegans. They are capable of playing a protective role in preventing radical related disease, cancer and cardiovascular disease (Ferreira et al., 2010). Lenzites elegans, also known as Trametes elegansand Daedalea elegans, is a common polyporeand wood-decay funguswith a pantropicaldistribution found on hardwood hosts in regions including eastern North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. The extracts displayed concentration dependent activities (0.5-2 mg mL–1). Result from this study suggest that this underutilized indigenous macrofungus, Trametes elegans, can be exploited as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant potentials that can neutralize the damaging effects of free radicals. Fruiting in Summer and Fall. Each value is expressed as mean±standard error (n = 3), GAE: Gallic acid equivalent, RE: Rutin equivalent, https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijbc.2015.249.259. 3). Common names: Phylum: Basidiomycota Order: Polyporales Family: Polyporaceae The goal for this study was to evaluate the immune-modulating properties of the mycelium versus the fermented substrate, to document whether an important part of the immune-activating effects resides … A calibration curve was earlier plotted as standard gallic acid curve. Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 2-3 µ; smooth; cylindric to long-elliptic; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid Cystidia absent. Wild edible fungi are collected for food and to earn money in more than 80 countries. After 10 min the absorbance was measured at 230 nm against a blank solution that contained hydrogen peroxide solution without the extract. Several studies have reported strong correlation between the total phenolic contents and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (Olabinri et al., 2010; Aksoy et al., 2013). The genus Trametes Fr. Other identifying features of Trametes elegans include its tough white flesh; its whitish cap, which is lumpy towards the point of attachment and smoother toward the margin; and its ecological role, serving to decompose the deadwood of hardwoods in eastern North America, south of the Great Lakes. The mixture was incubated at room temperature (26±2°C) for 30 min. Distribution and Natural Habitat White rot mushroom found on the deadwood of hardwoods, usually found growing in clusters on logs and stumps. The extract (0.2 mL) was added to 0.3 mL of 5% sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) at zero time. In other word, there are "Two faces" of free radicals in biology in that they serve as signalling and regulatory molecules at physiologic levels but also serves as highly deleterious and cytotoxic oxidants at pathologic levels (Fridovich, 1999). The hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of the extract of Trametes elegans is shown in Fig. Derivation of name: Trametes means "one who is thin"; elegans means "neat" or "elegant." Varying concentrations of the extracts were assessed against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric Oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. The antioxidant properties of wild mushrooms have been studied and their antioxidant activity, has been mainly related to their phenolic, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and carotenoids contents, which could be extracted for the purpose of being used as functional ingredients against chronic diseases related to oxidative stress (Mohsin et al., 2011). Turkey Tail Medicinal Mushroom, Trametes versicolor (Agaricomycetes), Crude Exopolysaccharides with Antioxidative Activity Int J Med Mushrooms . At a concentration of 2 mg mL–1, acetone extract of Trametes elegans exhibited higher activity of 76.03%. Trametes elegans was found to be a species complex and has therefore recently been split into three distinct species, namely T. aesculi (Fr.) Its low reactivity gives it enough time to penetrate biological membranes. These antioxidant activities have been attributed to the presence of various bioactives (Chowdhury et al., 2015). Lenzites elegans, also known as Trametes elegans and Daedalea elegans, is a common polypore and wood-decay fungus with a pantropical distribution found on hardwood hosts in regions including eastern North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Cap: Up to 35 cm across and 3 cm thick; semicircular, irregularly bracket-shaped, or kidney-shaped; flattened-convex; lumpy near the point of attachment, smoother toward the thin margin; often with concentric zones of texture; whitish to buff; sometimes becoming darker with age, especially near the point of attachment or along the margin. This couples with naphthylethylenediamine to form a pink colour which is measured at 540 nm. Hairy throughout, contrasting zones of different shades of grey and white. ]. The restriction in the use of synthetic antioxidants such as such as butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity has raised an increased interest towards natural antioxidant. Trametes elegans, can therefore be a useful source of natural antioxidant that can help combat the detrimental effect of nitric oxide generated in the body. However, this study did not include tropical African specimens although T. elegans … The nitric oxide scavenging effect of various wild mushrooms has also been reported (Menaga et al., 2013; Vamanu and Nita, 2013). 1900 Whitfordia elegans Homonyms Trametes elegans Preparation of mushrooms extracts: The powdered mushroom sample (100 g) was extracted with 2000 mL of 95% acetone and methanol separately in an Erlenmeyer flask. There are about 20 other Australian species in Trametes, all of which are poroid. Substances which are able to perform this reaction can be considered as antioxidants and therefore radical scavengers (Ebrahimzadeh et al., 2010). The extracts displayed concentration dependent free radical scavenging ability (0.5-2 mg mL–1). The pictures on the left and in the identification table are from Norway and are shown by courtesy of Arnor Gullanger. Trametes elegans (Family Polyporaceae), is a wood-rot mushroom which usually grows on decaying hard woods, logs and branches from June to November. Trametes versicolor (Turkey Tail) Trametes versicolor which is also known as Polyporus versicolor, Coriolus versicolor and Turkey tail belongs to the Basidiomycetes (Figures 1 & 2). 2. (2005). It has become famous for it's potential anti-cancer benefits. The extracts were then filtered through Whatman filter paper (0.45 μm) using vacuum pump. (2004). An identification key enriched by sufficient morphological descriptions is given for 64 recognized species of this genus. The ability of the extracts to scavenge nitric oxide suggests that the extracts contain substances that can directly compete with oxygen in the reaction with nitric oxide. Results from several studies have shown positive correlation between Total Phenol Content (TPC) assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity assay (Luther et al., 2007; Silva et al., 2007). 2020;22(9):885-895. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020035877. 3 ). Justo, T. elegans s.str., and T. repanda (Pers.) Synonymy: Daedalea elegans Spreng. Background: The medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor (Tv, Turkey Tail) is often prepared for consumption as a powder from the fungal mycelium and the fermented substrate on which it grew. Then, the exhausted Trametes elegans: Scientific name: Trametes elegans (Spreng.:Fr.) There is a huge diversity of different types, from truffles to milk-caps, chanterelles to termite mushrooms, with more than 1 100 species recorded during the preparation of this book.
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